KEY WORDS: slag, recycling, agriculture, pollution, industry 1. Scrap steel reclamation – Steelmaking slag contains around 10 % scrap steel, which can be reclaimed through crushing, sorting, magnetic separation and screening process. Possible Uses of Steelmaking Slag in Agriculture: An Overview Slag generated from basic oxygen furnace (BOF) or Linz-Donawitz (LD) converter is one of the recyclable wastes in integrated steel plants. to Nippon Slag Association’s statistics on the use of slag in 2012, the total consumption of blast furnace and steelmaking slags for fer-tilizer and soil amendment was 260 000 tons. 2.2 Fertilizers made from blast furnace slag and steelmaking slag Iron and steel slag can largely be divided into blast furnace slag and steelmaking slag. Physical and chemical characterization of steel slag is a deciding factor of steel slag utilization depending on the properties it can be used as road aggregate, cement and concrete admixture, soil stabilizer, construction materials, etc. The authorized beneficial uses under this general permit are limited to use as an agricultural liming agent, as an ingredient in specialty fertilizers and an ingredient in mine grouting material. It is found that over 2000 years ago during the times of Roman Empire, slag was used in building roads. Steel LD slag has been successfully used as a substitute for limestone to neutralize soil acidity in agricultural soils for many years, and research has shown slag use to be comparable to or superior to limestone in some cases. Steel slag has now gained much attention because of its new applications. High price of slag disposal imposes the need for finding new fields of its utilisation. Piles of steel slag, a solid waste generated from the iron and steel industry, could be seen due to no utility found for the past century. A consecutive early rice-late rice rotation experiment was conducted to test the impacts of steel slag on soil pH, silicon availability, rice growth and metals-immobilization in paddy soil. Steel slag output is approximately 20% by mass of the crude steel output [1 ]. In industrial countries, the use of steel slag in agriculture is mature (Wang and Qing, 2006). agricultural technology: Liming. Iron blast-furnace slag should not be confused with steel-furnace slag or other types of slag. With the requirements of sustainable development in China, the utilization of steel slag has become a hot issue. Slags from the Iron and Steel Industry. Agriculture occupies a prominent position in Indian policy-making not only because of its contribution to GDP but also because of the large proportion of the population that depends on this sector for its livelihood. Steel slag is by-product formed in the process of steel manufacturing. engaging important agricultural land and causing grave pollution to the environment. As a major by-product of our industry, slag has long been sold by steelmakers for use in construction, but its use in agriculture has been less well known. Especially in densely populated BENEFICIAL USE OF STAINLESS STEEL SLAG Rev. It might seem counter-intuitive, but steel slag has exactly the right chemical composition to do this. Through an in-depth study on steel slag, it is apparent that it has been widely used in various fields in recent years. Since 1880, steel slag was used as phosphate fertilizer because of the amount of high phosphorus ore in western Europe (Motz and Geiseler, 2001). In the conventional application of the steelmaking slag in civil engineering, the elution of free-lime (CaO) from slag and the expansion of slag caused by hydration have been the major problems, which are yet to be solved. US produces over 16 million tons of steel slag in 2018, and recycled over 60% of that steel slag as road base (Ilyushechkin et al., 2012; National Minerals Information Center, 2019). The physical and chemical characteristics of steel slag are summarized, and the pretreatment progress of steel slag in steel industries as recycled raw material was introduced. Branca, E. Bonari and V. Colla Publisher: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture The Euroslag Association has shown that converted lime from steel slag is suitable for several kinds of soils. The properties of slag greatly influence its use and thus had got varied applications. The Use of Ag-Slag is Time-Proven Ag-Slag has proven its value as an agricultural liming material since the 1920's in all types of crop production and landscaping. This research was carried out during the academic year 2008 with the aim of studying the effect of Steel Slag on Agricultural Topsoil. The best management option for this byproduct is by recycling. Depending on the stage or type of steel making process, the slag generated is called High Sulphur slag, LD slag (Steel Furnace slag – SFS), LF slag or Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) slag. Slag-based silicate fertilizer has been widely used to improve soil silicon- availability and crop productivity. Properties of SSA . Use of BOF steel slag in agriculture: column test evaluation of effects on alkaline soils and drainage water By C. Pistocchi, G. Ragaglini, T.A. The chemical composition and physical properties of … Steel making slag (also: steel slag) is produced during the conversion of hot metal to crude steel in a basic oxygen furnace or during the melting of scrap in an electric arc furnace. Europe and Japan creatively use a small amount of steel slag for agricultural and environmental improvement (Guo et al., 2018). • Farmers use Ag-Slag for maximum yields of cultivated crops and pasture. In Europe, USA, Japan, China, Korea, and Hawai steel slag has been utilized in agriculture as a liming material for improving acid soil or as Si source for paddy rice and sugar cane plants. Slag processing GGBS; How Is Slag Used? If the crude steel undergoes further secondary steelmaking processes, different kinds of secondary metallurgical slags are formed. Slag has been used in agriculture for some time, notably in the USA, Germany, and France, and it has proved both effective and cost-efficient. Out of India’s 142 million hectare of arrable land, 49 million hectare is covered by acid soils. Currently, Indonesia produces annually about 540,000 ton of electric furnace (EF) – one kind of steel slag; however none of this is being used in agriculture. Patents Introduction Steel slag is a mixture of metal oxides and silicon dioxide and may contain metal sulphide along with metal in the ele-mental form. Blast furnace slag is a by-product of the iron and steel industry. struction (as a stabilisation layer) and in agriculture (fine fractions are used for soil improvement). The government is particularly interested in using slag in areas with acidic soils, mostly in the eastern part of the country where productivity is lower, according to the Financial Express newspaper. The steel ministry has requested the agriculture ministry to look into the scope of using these slags particularly in areas, mostly in the eastern part of the country, having acidic soils, where productivity is lower. Concrete. Fertile thinking: farmers benefiting from steel slag. Now, technicians at our Kryvyi Rih site in Ukraine have been exploring new ways to sell slag as a fertiliser or soil improver. It might seem counter-intuitive, but steel slag has exactly the right chemical composition to do this. Sustainable plan for steel slag in Canada ; Agricultural liming standard certification ; Risk assessment from US steel slag coalition ; Properties and sustainable uses of SS in US ; Phosphorus removal ; Conclusion ; 3 Environmental Authority in Quebec, Canada. These materials pose environmental pollution in the nearby locality because many of them are nonbiodegradable. The use in other sectors of the steel shop slag leads to release the surfaces occupied by these wastes and to render them to the respective natural landscape, there takes place a reduction of the pollution degree in the regions having steel industry. Slag is the glass-like by-product left over after a desired metal has been separated (i.e., smelted) from its raw ore.Slag is usually a mixture of metal oxides and silicon dioxide.However, slags can contain metal sulfides and elemental metals. Background With world steel production now well over a billion tonnes per year, the slag that arises from some of the processes involved is a major resource. The quantities of slag obtained world wide are increasing, … Steel slag, an unavoidable by-product in iron and steel production, may soon finds its way into agricultural land as soil nutrient, potentially cutting down India’s dependence on fertiliser imports. In Ukraine, we have been researching its value to farmers to improve soil properties and crop yield. When pig iron is smelted in a blast furnace, the flux is added to the raw materials from the blast furnace in addition to iron ore and fuel (coke). 3. Steel slag is a large amount of residual material produced in the process of steel manufacturing. Slag has been used in agriculture for some time, notably in the USA, Germany, and France, and it has proved both effective and cost-efficient. In agriculture, slag aggregates (Ag-Slag) have been used as an agricultural liming material since the 1920's in all types of crop production and landscaping. Disposal of different wastes produced from different Industries is a great problem for any country. Traditionally it has been used mainly as an aggregate but for some types there are other applications, such as a raw material for cement or as a fertiliser. 4/2011 Page 2 of 8 A. Another liming material is basic slag, a by-product of steel manufacture; its active ingredient is calcium silicate. new uses of slag as well as find more sophisticated applications. The slag from Split landfill in total quantity of 30.000 tons has not found its application till now. Hawai steel slag has been utilized in agriculture as a liming material for improving acid soil or as Si source for paddy rice and sugar cane plants. Now, technicians at our Kryvyi Rih site in Ukraine have been exploring new ways to sell slag as a fertiliser or soil improver. Marl and chalk are soft, impure forms of limestone and are sometimes used as liming materials, as are oyster shells. Usage in sinter mix-Steelmaking slag contains high percentage of CaO (mostly above 50 %). This steel can be recycled. Full details of the specific properties and applications for each of the types of slag can be found on the pages as follows: Air-cooled Blast Furnace Slag (ABS) Air-cooled Basic Oxygen Steel Slag (BOS) The main uses of Slag are in construction, water treatment, agriculture, cementitious applications. 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