[180] Kenyatta built a friendship with Koinange's father, a Senior Chief, who gave Kenyatta one of his daughters to take as his third wife. His son Peter Muigai became an assistant minister of foreign affairs, and his cousin Ngethe Njoroge served as high commissioner to the United Kingdom. [187] He was nevertheless aware that to achieve independence, KAU needed the support of other indigenous tribes and ethnic groups. He married his fourth wife in 1951. [408] In June 1967, Kenyatta declared the Chinese Charg d'Affairs persona non grata in Kenya and recalled the Kenyan ambassador from Peking. [72] In the summer of 1929, he left London and traveled by Berlin to Moscow before returning to London in October. Let Mau Mau perish forever. [451] He suffered from gout and heart problems, all of which he sought to keep hidden from the public. Surely if we are considered fit enough to take our rifles and fight side by side with white men we have a right to a direct say in the running of our country and to education. That does not mean we should not take account of whites, provided we have the key position. [564] Simon Gikandi noted that Kenyatta, like Nkrumah, was remembered for "initiating the discourse and process that plotted the narrative of African freedom", but at the same time both were "often remembered for their careless institution of presidential rule, one party dictatorship, ethnicity and cronyism. She often accompanied him in public, and some streets in Nairobi and Mombasa are named after her. [550] Another significant success had been in dismantling the colonial-era system of racial segregation in schools, public facilities, and social clubs peacefully and with minimal disruption. I am currently a third year student at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) pursuing a Bachelor of Science in Statistics degree. (divorced) (1 child) Grace Wanjiku (? He is the son of Kenya's founding president Jomo Kenyatta. [287], The British government considered Renison too ill at ease with indigenous Africans to oversee the transition to independence and thus replaced him with Malcolm MacDonald as Governor of Kenya in January 1963. In 1938, he published an anthropological study of Kikuyu life before working as a farm labourer in Sussex during the Second World War. [71], Kenyatta developed contacts with radicals to the left of the Labour Party, including several communists. Throughout the 1920s Jomo Kenyatta immersed himself in the movement against a white-settler-dominated Kenyan government. The violence continued sporadically until 1996, with an estimated 1500 killed and 300,000 displaced in the Rift Valley. [40], In April 1922, Kenyatta began working as a stores clerk and meter reader for Cook, who had been appointed water superintendent for Nairobi's municipal council. He was one of the earliest of the Kikuyu to leave the confines of his own culture. [392] He also took on a mediating role during the Congo Crisis, heading the Organisation of African Unity's Conciliation Commission on the Congo. [302], Continuing to emphasize good relations with the white settlers, in August 1963 Kenyatta met with 300 white farmers at Nakuru. Estate Duty Act. His thesis was revised and published in 1938 as Facing Mount Kenya, a study of the traditional life of the Kikuyu characterized by both insight and a tinge of romanticism. In 1952, he was among the Kapenguria Six arrested and charged with masterminding the anti-colonial Mau Mau Uprising. Kenyatta left Thogoto in 1922 and became a clerk and water-meter reader with the Municipal Court of Nairobi. [343] Under Kenyatta, Western companies regarded Kenya as a safe and profitable place for investment;[344] between 1964 and 1970, large-scale foreign investment and industry in Kenya nearly doubled. [186] Relations with the white minority remained strained; for most white Kenyans, Kenyatta was their principal enemy, an agitator with links to the Soviet Union who had the impertinence to marry a white woman. [361] His family used his presidential position to circumvent legal or administrative obstacles to acquiring property. [17] He also performed chores for the mission, including washing the dishes and weeding the gardens. [349], Kenya's agricultural and industrial sectors were dominated by Europeans and its commerce and trade by Asians; one of Kenyatta's most pressing issues was to bring the economy under indigenous control. [21] That year, he professed his dedication to Christianity and began undergoing catechism. (1951-1978) children: Anna Nyokabi, Christine Wambui, Jane Wambui, Margaret Kenyatta, Uhuru Kenyatta Presidents Black Leaders Died on: August 22, 1978 In 1962, the white minority had produced 80% of the country's exports and were a vital part of its economy, yet between 1962 and 1963 they were emigrating at a rate of 700 a month; Kenyatta feared that this white exodus would cause a brain drain and skills shortage that would be detrimental to the economy. Associate Professor of African History, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. [304] Despite his attempts at wooing white support, he did not do the same with the Indian minority. [10] Kenyatta then took the name of Kamau wa Ngengi ("Kamau, son of Ngengi"). [306] Kenyatta condemned the assassination of the prominent leftist politician, although UK intelligence agencies believed that his own bodyguard had orchestrated the murder. This book signaled another name change, to Jomo (Burning Spear) Kenyatta. On Feb. 24, operations at NBO Terminal 2 will be suspended from 11:00-17:00. . [77] [500], Assensoh suggested that Kenyatta initially had socialist inclinations but "became a victim of capitalist circumstances";[501] conversely, Savage stated that "Kenyatta's direction was hardly towards the creation of a radical new socialist society",[502] and Ochieng called him "an African capitalist". Kenyatta was a controversial figure. Early Career Overseas [294] On 1June 1963, Kenyatta was sworn in as prime minister of the autonomous Kenyan government. [398] Britain remained one of Kenya's foremost sources of foreign trade; British aid to Kenya was among the highest in Africa. They had 9 children: Peter Muigai Kenyatta, Margaret Wambui Kenyatta and 7 other children. [514] As President, Kenyatta often reminisced nostalgically about his time in England, referring to it as "home" on several occasions. Resolutions were passed and plans discussed for mass nationalist movements to demand independence from colonial rule. In 1991, the Kenyan lawyer and human rights activist Gibson Kamau Kuria noted that in abolishing the federal system, banning independent candidates from standing in elections, setting up a unicameral legislature, and relaxing restrictions on the use of emergency powers, Kenyatta had laid "the groundwork" for Moi to further advance dictatorial power in Kenya during the late 1970s and 1980s. [353] In 1965, the government established the Kenya National Trading Corporation to ensure indigenous control over the trade in essential commodities,[354] while the Trade Licensing Act of 1967 prohibited non-citizens from involvement in the rice, sugar, and maize trade. At the meeting, Kenyatta raised the land issue and Thuku's exile, the atmosphere between the two being friendly. [32], In 1917, Kenyatta moved to Narok, where he was involved in transporting livestock to Nairobi,[31] before relocating to Nairobi to work in a store selling farming and engineering equipment. ", In November 1909, Kenyatta left home and enrolled as a pupil at the Church of Scotland Mission (CSM) at Thogoto. [81], In his absence, female genital mutilation (FGM) had become a topic of strong debate in Kikuyu society. Jomo Kenyatta Family name: . . Husband of Ann Wanyoro Muigai; Private; Private; Esther Njoki Muigai; Private and 1 other. This is the first of a four-part series. [548] In their examination of his writings, Berman and Lonsdale described him as a "pioneer" for being one of the first Kikuyu to write and publish; "his representational achievement was unique". [12], "Missionaries have done a lot of good work because it was through the missionary that many of the Kikuyu got their first education and were able to learn how to read and write Also, the medical side of it: the missionary did very well. [429] Odinga was replaced as vice president by Joseph Murumbi,[430] who in turn would be replaced by Moi. [257] KANU nevertheless refused to form a government, which was instead created through a KADU-led coalition of smaller parties. [315] Kenyatta also wanted to contain parliamentary opposition and at Kenyatta's prompting, in November 1964 KADU officially dissolved and its representatives joined KANU. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Jomo Kenyatta. [251] In January 1960, the British government made its intention to free Kenya apparent. [51] Kenyatta accepted, probably on the condition that the Association matched his pre-existing wage. [342] The government passed laws to encourage foreign investment, recognising that Kenya needed foreign-trained specialists in scientific and technical fields to aid its economic development. [116] He enrolled at UCL as a student, studying an English course between January and July 1935 and then a phonetics course from October 1935 to June 1936. She is the best known due to her role as First Lady, was Ngina Kenyatta (ne Muhoho), also known as Mama Ngina. On his release, Kenyatta became President of KANU and led the party to victory in the 1963 general election. [57], After the KCA raised sufficient funds, in February 1929 Kenyatta sailed from Mombasa to Britain. Kenya's first President Mzee Jomo Kenyatta married four wives, Grace Wahu, Edna Clarke, Grace Wanjiku and Mama Ngina. [389] This put a severe strain on social services; Kenyatta's government promoted family planning projects to stem the birth-rate, but these had little success. [494], Kenyatta had been exposed to Marxist-Leninist ideas through his friendship with Padmore and the time spent in the Soviet Union,[495] but had also been exposed to Western forms of liberal democratic government through his many years in Britain. [400] The historian Poppy Cullen nevertheless noted that there was no "dictatorial neo-colonial control" in Kenyatta's Kenya. [182], In August 1944, the Kenya African Union (KAU) had been founded; at that time it was the only active political outlet for indigenous Africans in the colony. [15] While there, Kenyatta stayed at the small boarding school, where he learnt stories from the Bible,[16] and was taught to read and write in English. [240] Kenyatta spent two years in Lodwar. [424] The Luo increasingly rallied around the KPU,[425] which experienced localized violence that hindered its ability to campaign, although Kenyatta's government officially disavowed this violence. The Africans were dispossessed, leaseholds of land were restricted to white settlers, and native reservations were established. COMPANY is now part of the GardaWorld family of companies, all services are now . [456] After Kariuki's murder, Maloba noted, there was a "noticeable erosion" of support for Kenyatta and his government. (~1889 - 22 August 1978) was the leader of Kenya from independence in 1963 to his death in 1978, serving first as Prime Minister (1963-64) and then as President (1964-78). [23] Accordingly, he was baptized as Johnstone Kamau in August 1914. They were impatient and wanted to see effective action. [481] Several commentators and biographers described him as being politically conservative,[482] an ideological viewpoint likely bolstered by his training in functionalist anthropology. [243] Calls for his release came from the Chinese government,[244] India's Nehru,[245] and Tanganyika's Prime Minister Julius Nyerere. [399] Commentators argued that Britain's relationship with Kenyatta's Kenya was a neo-colonial one, with the British having exchanged their position of political power for one of influence. [368] As part of the Lancaster House negotiations, Britain's government agreed to provide Kenya with 27million with which to buy out white farmers and redistribute their land among the indigenous population. [288] MacDonald and Kenyatta developed a strong friendship;[289] the Briton referred to the latter as "the wisest and perhaps strongest as well as most popular potential Prime Minister of the independent nation to be". [387] In the short-term, its emphasis was on increasing the overall number of doctors and registered nurses while decreasing the number of expatriates in those positions. [509] Referring to Kenyatta's appearance in 1920s Kenya, Murray-Brown stated the leader presented himself to Europeans as "an agreeable if somewhat seedy 'Europeanized' native" and to indigenous Africans as "a sophisticated man-about-town about whose political earnestness they had certain reservations". [402] Kenyatta also maintained a warm relationship with Israel, including when other East African nations endorsed Arab hostility to the state;[403] he for instance permitted Israeli jets to refuel in Kenya on their way back from the Entebbe raid. Includes immediate family members, current & previous spouses, stepparents, and current & previous in-laws for . [126] He then rented a Camden Town flat with his friend Dinah Stock, whom he met at an anti-imperialist rally in Trafalgar Square. [6][7], Kenyatta married his third wife, Grace Wanjiku, in 1946. [56] Also in February, his daughter, Wambui Margaret, was born. [125] This angered Ross and contributed to the breakdown of their friendship. [99] Kenyatta complained about the food, accommodation, and poor quality of English instruction. Born on April 8, 1989, Jomo Kenyatta Junior age is 33 years old as of 2022. [92] That month, he enrolled in the Woodbrooke Quaker College in Birmingham, where he remained until the spring of 1932, attaining a certificate in English writing. Peter Muigai Kenyatta. "[358], Under Kenyatta, corruption became widespread throughout the government, civil service, and business community. [405], Kenyatta and his government were anti-communist,[406] and in June 1965 he warned that "it is naive to think that there is no danger of imperialism from the East. [337], Independent Kenya had an economy heavily molded by colonial rule; agriculture dominated while industry was limited, and there was a heavy reliance on exporting primary goods while importing capital and manufactured goods. Forced by the missionaries to choose just one, he chose Johnstone, the -stone chosen as a reference to Peter. [545] He added that Kenyatta had been "one of the shrewdest politicians" on the continent,[517] regarded as "one of the great architects of African nationalist achievement since 1945". [383] By the time of Kenyatta's death, Kenya's first universitiesthe University of Nairobi and Kenyatta Universityhad been established. [178] Under Kenyatta's leadership, additional funds were raised for the construction of school buildings and the number of boys in attendance rose from 250 to 900. [95] In late 1932, he joined Padmore in Germany. This was his initial contact with Europeans. [559], Providing a similar leftist critique, the Marxist writer Ngg wa Thiong'o stated that "here was a black Moses who had been called by history to lead his people to the promised land of no exploitation, no oppression, but who failed to rise to the occasion". We can fight in unity with the workers and toilers of the whole world, and for a Free Africa. I believe in Christianity as a whole. About age 10 Kamau became seriously ill with jigger infections in his feet and one leg, and he underwent successful surgery at a newly established Church of Scotland mission. [224], During the appeal process, a prison had been built at Lokitaung, where Kenyatta and the four others were then interned. [69] Grigg was in London at the same time and, despite his opposition to Kenyatta's visit, agreed to meet with him at the Rhodes Trust headquarters in April. [497] The academics Bruce J. Berman and John M. Lonsdale argued that Marxist frameworks for analysing society influenced some of his beliefs, such as his view that British colonialism had to be destroyed rather than simply reformed. [354] Many Asians who had retained British citizenship were affected by these measures. [265] There, the colonial government had built him a new house to replace that they had demolished. Gradually, the number of enrolled pupils fell. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. In the end, however, the government temporarily abandoned its plan for union. In 1914, he was baptized a Christian and given the name John Peter which he changed to Johnstone. Kenyatta had a complicated family life, which may have helped make him such an adaptable leader. In 1929, he travelled to London to lobby for Kikuyu land affairs. Jomo is the firstborn son of President Kenyatta and his wife gave birth to a baby boy and a baby girl named after their grandparents. [58], In May 1928, the KCA launched a Kikuyu-language magazine, Mugwithania (roughly translated as "The Reconciler" or "The Unifier"), in which it published news, articles, and homilies. [302] He publicly stated that talk of a federation had always been a ruse to hasten the pace of Kenyan independence from Britain, but Nyerere denied that this was true. His government comprised members of various ethnic groups in order to calm ethnic tensions. [26], Kenyatta moved to Thika, where he worked for an engineering firm run by the Briton John Cook. [415] Relations between Kenyatta and Odinga were strained, and at the March 1966 party conference, Odinga's postthat of party vice presidentwas divided among eight different politicians, greatly limiting his power and ending his position as Kenyatta's automatic successor. [319], In December 1964, Kenya was officially proclaimed a republic. [471] He nevertheless criticised the corruption, land grabbing, and capitalistic ethos that had characterised Kenyatta's period and expressed populist tendencies by emphasizing a closer link to the poor. [210] Pritt's involvement brought much media attention;[210] during the trial he faced government harassment and was sent death threats. Two years ago, President Uhuru Kenyatta's eldest son Jomo Kenyatta with his wife Fiona Achola Ngobi, held their Itara near the monumental homestead. We want to be friendly with whites. [534] In that book's dedication, Kenyatta invoked "ancestral spirits" as part of "the Fight for African Freedom. Kenyatta's son Uhuru later also became president. [297] In December, Nairobi's Delamere Avenue was renamed Kenyatta Avenue,[298] and a bronze statue of him was erected beside the country's National Assembly. [539] He came to be regarded as a father figure not only by Kikuyu and Kenyans, but by Africans more widely. In May 1928 Kenyatta launched a monthly Kikuyu-language newspaper called Mwigithania (He Who Brings Together), aimed at gaining support from all sections of the Kikuyu. [47] Political upheavals occurred in Kikuyulandthe area inhabited largely by the Kikuyufollowing World War I, among them the campaigns of Harry Thuku and the East African Association, resulting in the government massacre of 21 native protesters in March 1922. [374] Kenyatta was concerned by this, and promoted the reversal of this rural-to-urban migration, but in this was unsuccessful. [463] African heads of state also attended, including Nyerere, Idi Amin, Kenneth Kaunda, and Hastings Banda, as did India's Morarji Desai and Pakistan's Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. While president of the nationalist Kenya African Union, Jomo Kenyatta was sentenced to seven years imprisonment in 1953 in alleged connection with the violent 1952 Mau Mau rebellion. JomoKenyatta.com aims to preserve the life of Kenya's founding father, Mzee Jomo Kenyatta. [516], Kenyatta has also been described as a talented orator, author, and editor. She bore him another child, but later died in childbirth. When it became apparent that Grace was pregnant, his church elders ordered him to get married before a European magistrate, and also undertake the appropriate religious rites. On 20 November 1922 Kamau's first son, Peter Muigai, was born (he died in 1979); a daughter, Margaret Kenyatta, was born in 1928 (she died in 2017). ", Kenyatta in the Labour Monthly, November 1933[87], In May 1931, Kenyatta and Parmenas Mockerie sailed for Britain, intent on representing the KCA at a Joint Committee of Parliament on the future of East Africa. [282] It was agreed that a temporary coalition government would be established until independence, several KANU politicians being given ministerial posts. [70] In spite of this, following the meeting, Grigg convinced Special Branch to monitor Kenyatta. To the KCA such a prospect looked disastrous for Kikuyu interests; in February 1929 Kenyatta went to London to testify against the scheme, but in London the secretary of state for colonies refused to meet with him. In world power politics the East has as much designs upon us as the West and would like to serve their own interests. [410] In the first five years of independence, he consolidated control of the central government,[411] removing the autonomy of Kenya's provinces to prevent the entrenchment of ethnic power bases. "[101] Kenyatta also visited Siberia, probably as part of an official guided tour. The first African political protest movement in Kenya against a white-settler-dominated government began in 1921the East Africa Association (EAA), led by an educated young Kikuyu named Harry Thuku. [62] Grigg's administration could not stop Kenyatta's journey but asked London's Colonial Office not to meet with him. In 1925 the EAA disbanded as a result of government pressures, and its members re-formed as the Kikuyu Central Association (KCA). The second thing is that nobody is regarded as a slave, everyone is free to do what he or she likes without being hindered. [54] In February 1928, he was part of a KCA party that visited Government House in Nairobi to give evidence in front of the Hilton Young Commission, which was then considering a federation between Kenya, Uganda, and Tanganyika. [67] Kenyatta became friends with Ross' family, and accompanied them to social events in Hampstead. Uhuru Kenyatta Family Tree. Last edited on 14 February 2023, at 12:03, "The Life and Times Of [sic] Jomo Kenyatta. [37] The church insisted that a traditional Kikuyu wedding would be inadequate, and that he must undergo a Christian marriage;[38] this took place on 8November 1922. Jomo Kenyatta [a] CGH ( c. 1897 - 22 August 1978) was a Kenyan anti- colonial activist and politician who governed Kenya as its Prime Minister from 1963 to 1964 and then as its first President from 1964 to his death in 1978. My abilities extend to decision-making and >communication with proficiency in teamwork. His son Uhuru Kenyatta, who he fathered late in life, served as the fourth President of Kenya from 20132022. [533] In Facing Mount Kenya, he challenged the missionaries' dismissive attitude toward ancestor veneration, which he instead preferred to call "ancestor communion". "[309] He had flown Edna and Peter over for the ceremony, and in Kenya they were welcomed into Kenyatta's family by his other wives. Handling Dissatisfied Patients I have not been in any situation where a patient or family of a patient was unhappy with my care. [476] Like other anti-colonialists, he believed that under colonialism, the human and natural resources of Africa had been used not for the benefit of Africa's population but for the enrichment of the colonisers and their European homelands. Jomo Kenyatta, Circa 1894 - 1978. [301] Privately, Kenyatta was more reluctant regarding the arrangement and as 1964 came around the federation had not come to pass. [43], Kenyatta's interest in politics stemmed from his friendship with James Beauttah, a senior figure in the Kikuyu Central Association (KCA). [170], After British victory in World War II, Kenyatta received a request to return to Kenya in September 1946, sailing back that month. The aged Kenyatta died in office in Nairobi on August 22, 1978. [335] The government encouraged the use of Swahili as a national language, although English remained the main medium for parliamentary debates and the language of instruction in schools and universities. Kenyatta lacked the qualifications normally required to join the course, but Malinowski was keen to support the participation of indigenous peoples in anthropological research. [176] He also met with Mbiyu Koinange to discuss the future of the Koinange Independent Teachers' College in Githungui, Koinange appointing Kenyatta as its Vice-Principal. [465], Kenyatta's succession had been an issue of debate since independence,[466] and Kenyatta had not unreservedly nominated a successor. [369] Kenyatta's government encouraged the establishment of private land-buying companies that were often headed by prominent politicians. President Uhuru Kenyatta. [383] Between 1964 and 1966, the number of primary schools grew by 11.6%, and the number of secondary schools by 80%. By Mumbi Mutuko on 27 November 2017 - 2:24 pm. History, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois own culture [ 516 ], after the KCA raised funds! 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