. A rich diversity of snails in north-west Western Australia is sublime evidence of evolution in action. Australia's biodiversity is both rich and unique. It concludes that the condition of Australia's environment is "poor and deteriorating". I'm really interested in conservation, and conservation ultimately depends on repairing the broken relationship between people and biodiversity. DBCA Biodiversity and Conservation Science is delivered at multiple sites across Western Australia, including national and marine parks, Kings Park, Perth Zoo, Rottnest Island, and the WA Herbarium. These systems include tidal mangroves, sand and mudflats, coastal lakes, subterranean aquatic systems, swamps and marshes. By subscribing you become an AG Society member, helping us to raise funds for conservation and adventure projects. Biodiversity faces a wide number of threats, including land-use change, habitat loss and fragmentation (e.g. Biodiversity. The states south-west, in particular, has some of the richest diversity of plants and animals on earth. All content copyright Government of Western Australia, All rights reserved. Western Australia (WA) has a globally unique biodiversity characterised by significant regional endemism, meaning that we have plants and animals that only live in a particular location. Everywhere weve found fossils of these species of miniature possums its always been in lowland rainforest in Central Australia and the Simpson Desert it was there in scrubby lowland rainforest. 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But his plan is to try breeding the animals at ambient temperatures and then release them into a large outdoor enclosure at Secret Creek Sanctuary in Lithgow, NSW. That's a native bird but it has been declared a key threatening process by the Australian government in its role in disrupting other bird communities. WABSI will contribute to this need by providing more certainty around the decision making processes. Well, at the University of Queensland there is a special biodiversity lab, and it is headed by Professor Richard Fuller. The IUCN red list uses a series of categories to rank how close a species is to extinction, from "least concern" through to "extinct in the wild". I dont want Australians, particularly the younger generation, to feel so depressed about our current path that they cant be motivated to do things that have the capacity to result in a far brighter future. At the University of Queenslands Fuller Biodiversity Lab, Richard Fuller, with colleagues and students studies the connection between people and nature. The Southwest Australia Ecoregion is a triangular corner of WA, most of which is to the west of a line drawn from Shark Bay to Esperance. Students learn about food webs at school. Robyn Williams: Apart from noisy miners, what sort of research are you doing at your lab? So we are certainly facing enormous challenges, but I am also optimistic, I do see strong responses to that, both at governmental level but really driven by a groundswell of change, and I think that connection between people and nature is really fundamental, and enhancing that connection enables us to articulate more clearly and argue more persuasively for change at the highest level. It is an ongoing challenge that has multiple complex issues and trade-offs. But now this almighty raptor, affectionately known as The Red, has become our nations rarest bird of prey. It is one of the worlds 34 internationally recognised biodiversity hotspots, which have more than 1500 endemic species of plant and have lost more than 70 per cent of their original habitat. If we didnt look after the erosion on this property, in 30 or 40 years time it would be disastrous all our soil would be in the neighbours place, Bruce says. People ask, What difference can it make if you turn off a light switch? His work, starting in the 1980s, showed that birds tended to move between different trees to feed, rather than between flowers on the same tree. Weve got to look at very large landscape scalesso that we dont lose the species that are [still healthy].. Here are some of the most effective actions you can take to help reverse biodiversity loss and restore nature now. Were excited; greater gliders are normally found in the high country of Woomargama National Park, several kilometres to the south-east not down here towards the Hume Highway. Government of Western Australia. Greater knowledge enables efficient decisions that take account of the needs and certainty of all stakeholders. . Landholder Ian Bell and wife Lise hold a combined sheep farm and vineyard south of Tumbarumba. Minerals are the building blocks of our planet. Richard Fuller: Yes, I would completely agree, and of course I think the former two are the driver of the third, in a sense. Three major conservation corridors are being developed in Australia. Its better that we try [Mikes] method now, than wish we had in 10 years time. Work on the drafting of the new Biodiversity Conservation Regulations is underway (Service, 2017). Western Australia; Business Show subsections. Twenty-five kilometres north-west of the Murray River, the farm is near Albury, NSW. More than 80% of Australia's flowering plants and land mammals are endemic, as are 88% of our reptiles, 45% of our birds and 92% of our frogs. That great PhD student ShawanChowdhury has just finished his PhD on global patterns in migratory butterflies and thinking about conservation of those species. Richard Fuller: I think there's no question that we've messed up almost every one of the Earth's planetary systems that govern the way nature works, and that means that intervention by us is often needed to keep things on an even keel or to return them to some kind of functional state. But we are just one of many species on Earth, and our demand for resources - land, water, food, and shelter - shapes the environment for other wildlife too. 1).It experiences a strongly Mediterranean climate with frequent droughts (Saunders et al., 1993, Hobbs and Cramer, 2003) and is part of the South West Australian Floristic Region, a recognized global biodiversity hotspot (Mittermeier et al . "[But] it's also what's known as 'lags' or 'extinction debt'. On a mountain, you can move around the hill a bit. Are we preserving the Amazon? Next door is the Blue Metal Travelling Stock Reserve, home to a colony of squirrel gliders and a population of an endangered bird the grey-crowned babbler. The Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions ( DBCA) is the Western Australian government department responsible for managing lands and waters described in the Conservation and Land Management Act 1984, the Rottnest Island Authority Act 1987, the Swan and Canning Rivers Management Act 2006, the Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority Nigel agrees that there are a whole lot of opportunities in the balance between sustainable resource use and conservation. Robyn Williams: Biodiversity, a problem as shocking as climate change. Richard Fuller: We spend a lot of time studying migratory birds, species that migrate from Australia up to the Arctic and back, and that has been a fascinating line of work, looking at the amazing migration journeys of these animals, the threats that they face along the way, and what could be done about those threats. Take a look at what some of our readers had to say about Australia's biodiversity loss. In short, biodiversity provides us with clean air, fresh water, good quality soil and crop pollination. Professor Kingsley Dixon, director of science at Kings Park and Botanic Garden in Perth, says understanding the biodiversity of the region is important for conserving it. After protracted negotiations with a pastoral family in far northern New South Wales, the state government has bought more than 430,000ha of iconic Australian outback to be managed as national park. . In this section, find out everything you need to know about visiting the Australian Museum, how to get here and the extraordinary exhibitions on display. Coupled with persistent biophysical threats and socioeconomic causes is human-induced climate change, which is projected to exacerbate biodiversity loss through increased risk of species extinctions and ecosystem decline, especially among those already at risk and limited in their climatic range (Conservation, 2006). Richard Fuller: My own conservation philosophy is that the world becomes a poorer place every time we lose a species from it. According to the UK Natural History Museum's biodiversity intactness index, high levels of biodiversity loss has occurred in regions including the UK and Ireland, parts of western Europe and stretches of North America . We cause global warming by releasing increasing amounts of carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere, which will alter the nature of ecosystems everywhere. They are missing a poltergeist, if you like; they were there and they should be there. Remaining obstacles include getting legislative approval from parks authorities and finding sponsors to cover the costs of the breeding facilities and enclosures. Phone: (+618) 9468 0338 You have reached the end of the main content. A new study reveal why this may be the case. (Nigel Jackett), How tsunami have impacted Australias east coast and a new approach to limit the threat, Politicians unfairly maligned Robin Batterham, Submerged mats could dissipate energy of tsunami, Autonomous minibus and predicting the behaviour of pedestrians, Harry Butler honoured and how a scientist fell in love with a fossil, A tour of the antimatter factory and John Wheeler remembered. MINE REHABILITATION AND CLOSURE. The NCT has worked with Wayne and Marcia to have part of their land protected under a conservation covenant. Tom Lovejoy: Well, I'm not arguing that you can't use biological resources, in fact that's what is so wonderful about them, they make more themselves. The Australian Museum respects and acknowledges the Gadigalpeople as the FirstPeoples and Traditional Custodians of the land andwaterways on which theMuseumstands. Many factors are to blame for biodiversity loss, including wetlands destruction, damming and disruption of waterways, invasive species, exotic wildlife diseases and climate change.We also continue to develop more and more of our nation's terrestrial habitats. And so, how many times have you come to arguments? But it now faces a new threat as the snow cover it needs for insulation during hibernation is reduced annually. We acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the Nearly two-thirds (62 per cent) of the Australian landmass is pastoral or agricultural land. Charles Darwin noted that the species richness here could be due to the fact this was a relatively wet pocket of land isolated by ocean to the west and the desert of the Nullarbor to the east. And so biodiversity and looking after the range of animals and plants and God knows what else is looking at a whole pattern. L-R: Sonya Sawtell-Rickson, CIO, Hesta; Adrian Ward, CEO, Accounting for Nature; Andrew Saunders, head of natural climate solutions, QIC. Western Australia's unique biodiversity Western Australia's globally unique biodiversity Western Australia (WA) has a globally unique biodiversity characterised by significant regional endemism, meaning that we have plants and animals that only live in a particular location. Allowing landholders to benefit from the harvest of kangaroos for meat and skins is one idea. Professor Wintle estimated Australia needs to spend $1.5 billion to $2 billion a year to halt biodiversity decline. There is no question that charismatic biodiversity is a great communicator to the public at large about the beauty and the wonder, but I think it's incredible when you start to tell stories of some of our more obscure species on this planet and reveal those stories and tell them in a compelling way, as E. O. Wilson did, for example, with ants, it could really put those things on the map and could really excite people's interest. However, they found that the impacts of these pressures could be reduced by investment in environmental protection. Bruce Lynchs farm, 150km to the south-west, is also part of the Slopes to Summit region and offers a great example of how adjoining habitat patches can be combined for a better conservation result. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Collection, Australian Museum Research Institute (AMRI), Australian Museum Lizard Island Research Station. Yet the pressures placed on ecosystems from human impact and changing climate are increasing, with more species lost due to extinction. We see squirrel gliders the next day, but they have been trapped for an RTA-funded project monitoring highway populations and fitting poles to help the marsupials glide the 70 m needed to cross an otherwise insurmountable road barrier. Zoonoses - diseases transmitted from other animal species to humans - account for approximately 60% of all infectious diseases and 75% of emerging infectious diseases in humans (Taylor, Latham and Woolhouse, 2001 [7]). There have been periods in the Earth's long history when mass extinctions have occurred. However, as a country, we are among the worst on biodiversity conservation, with a loss of 5-10% as noted in study between 1996 to 2008. But thank you Richard Fuller, and good luck with your work. 2.2 Southwest WA is one of Australia's 15 national biodiversity 'hotspots' and the only biodiversity hotspot located in . by Samantha Mickan | Jun 25, 2018 | Environment, Download PDF:ISPL Insight WA unique biodiversity. The introduction of new species is also a threat to Australia's biodiversity. We pay our respect to Aboriginal Elders and recognise their continuous connection to Country. But thats only 20 per cent of Australia. By examining extinction rates in the fossil record and Australias relationship to the size of different islands, Mike has calculated that to give all Australian species a good chance of surviving whatever the future throws at them will require a minimum of about 1.5 million sq. Australia has a high percentage of endemic species (meaning, they occur nowhere else in the world). Vaping, or using electronic cigarettes, not only pollutes the surrounding air, it also creates a new contaminated e-waste stream. Although much of his current work focuses on conservation, his background is in palaeontology and he brings this knowledge into other arenas. "I knew there were a lot of threatened species in Australia, but I didn't realise things were getting worse so quickly.". The Great Eastern Ranges Initiative (GER) is another ambitious corridor that is planned to run down 2800 km of Australias Great Dividing Range, from the Atherton Tableland in far north Queensland all the way to southern Victoria (see map, opposite). Biodiversity is the variety of all living things on Earth, and how they fit together in the web of life, bringing oxygen, water, food and countless other benefits. Two-thirds of Australia has lost its unique birdlife.' Mike agrees 1.5 million sq. Since living organisms interact in dynamic ecosystems, the disappearance of one species can have a far-reaching impact on the food chain. There is a similar sort of argument about rewilding bringing the wolves back to Yellowstone Park so that you cull some of the herbivores and allow the balance of nature to come back again. The success of Western Shield and previous programs has resulted in the removal of the woylie, tammar wallaby and quenda from Western Australia's threatened species list. CLIMATE CHANGE POSES a major threat to a biota already in decline. Our group includes Bruces son Mark, and Nigel Jones, a conservation manager with the Nature Conservation Trust of NSW (NCT). km of conservation-viable land. "On the Nullarbor Plain, I can tell you there is virtually no land clearing.". The Western Australian Biodiversity Science Institute (WABSI) is an independent, collaboration mechanism. We overharvest resources which reduces both population sizes and genetic diversity of commercial species, such as fish. "Modest recovery of biodiversity in a western European country: The Living Planet Index for the Netherlands", Biological Conservation, Vol. The excitement doesnt last long, though; a few camera flashes reveal the eyes belong to a common ringtail possum. ILLUMINATED BY A RED spotlight, a pair of small eyes peers down at us from 25m above in an aged and stately red box tree. So far, NSW is the only State to have committed cash for the conservation corridor $6.7 million over four years from 2007 enough to kick-start the project within State borders. Would you agree with him? Biodiversity Concervation Act 2016. He says the work is important because a bird-pollinated system of plants is likely to be quite different to one pollinated by insects and could yield novel insights. The new research will help explain why the region is so rich in endemic plants, Stephen says, while also revealing how so many of them can be found in geographically separated populations, where inbreeding should be rife, but its effects appear to be muted.. Rather I am saying that if you look at countries like Haiti or El Salvador in the hemisphere that I know, which have already lost a lot of their biological resources, they are places which have lowering standards of living and social and political problems, and in fact reach out beyond their borders and affect even the United States. They also stock lightly and now rotate livestock between 35 small paddocks, instead of three large ones. So I'm fascinated by what constitutes a healthy relationship between people and nature and how can we enhance that to drive the conservation agenda forwards. Since 1970, there has been on average almost a 70% decline in the populations of mammals, birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians. But with changes to the way we source, produce, use and store energy, just what is in store? Mike thinks that because of its evolutionary heritage in lowland rainforests, the pygmy possum already has the capacity to thrive in warmer conditions, and this is what he wants to test. The loss of wetlands that began in 1829, and continues into the present day, is a deciding factor in Perth being able to retain its status as a biodiverse city. The Western Australian Museum acknowledges and respects the Traditional Owners of their ancestral lands, waters and skies. While feeding on nectar, these animals disperse pollen more indiscriminately than insects while also often travelling great distances and this may have novel consequences for plant evolution, he says. The State of Dieback. Biodiversity 1 and human infectious diseases are intricately linked. The Ministerial Guidelines provide further details on the criteria and procedures that apply. Fauna is all of the animal life present in a particular region or time. Richard Fuller: The fly spray comes out every now and then. Biodiversity. Its filled with resources that evolutionarily they are suited to eat, says Mike. Richard Fuller: We study lots of things, probably too many. Institute for Global Change Biology, and School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. We feel this real connection to the property. High value biodiversity within the State is at escalating risk though a range of processes including: As a consequence, a growing number of ecosystems and individual species are under threat. National parks are the leftover bits, he says. This website may contain names, images and voices of deceased Aboriginal and TorresStrait Islanderpeoples. Biodiversity loss can come in the form of habitat loss through land converted to agriculture, combined with land degradation through intensive farming practices - which is the principal contributor to the decline and extinction of species - and it can also come in the form of unsustainable food production, where our meat and dairy consumption Such connections are a major focus of some new conservation approaches. Latin America & the Caribbean have sustained a loss of 94% since 1975. The commission completed its report last July and the government sat on it until a . Despite all we know, biodiversity loss is at an all-time high On The Science Show with Robyn Williams Students learn about food webs at school. Governments are failing us Join us in calling for change JOIN THE MOVEMENT TODAY If the conditions are too hot there, you can spread your seeds or fly around the corner and its potentially a bit cooler.. In the early days the settlers would have been targeting sections of the landscape that had yellow box to clear for pasture.. Biodiversity loss and climate change are both driven by economic activities and neither will be successfully resolved unless both are tackled together, according to a joint report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). This equates to retaining natural . But I think we have to be careful with some of those more utilitarian arguments for different aspects of nature. But the incredible levels of biodiversity and endemism in this corner of Australia have presented something of a puzzle for researchers. 75% of rainforests and nearly 50% of all forests; over 60% of coastal wetlands in southern and eastern Australia; nearly 90% of temperate woodlands and mallee; more than 99% of south-eastern Australia's temperate lowland grasslands; over 83% of Tasmania's lowland grasslands and grassy woodlands; about 95% of brigalow scrub that originally grew in Queensland. Both State and Commonwealth regimes apply the mitigation hierarchy (Australian Government, 2012; The Government of Western Australia, 2011). Global biodiversity loss and its impacts may be greater than previously thought, due to higher estimates provided for understudied . Many farmers may be contributing to the landscape without even knowing it. live, learn and work. Image copyrightHolly Story. A genial Aussie with an American accent, Mike gesticulates as he meanders from one fascinating topic to another. This research investigates the challenges and opportunities of urban estuaries exposed to spatial, urban, and environmental shifts exacerbated by climate change, ecological disturbances, and population growth, taking the cities of Perth, Western Australia and Newcastle, New South Wales, as case studies. They have a right to live here just as much as we do. The study clearly linked adequate conservation funding to better species survival, which makes it all the. 4. This is Lovejoy on The Science Show some years ago: Tom Lovejoy: After a great deal of thinking about it, it seems to us that there is no intelligent way to choose between one species and another, and in fact it's not an intelligent choice to make. Everyday, more people need more space, consume more resources and generate more waste as world population continues to grow at an alarming rate. Retrieved from Gaia Resources: https://www.gaiaresources.com.au/state-dieback/, Service, D. o. We estimate there are less than 2000 adults left, says Linda Broome, an alpine ecologist with the NSW Department of Environment (DECCW). Our power usage globally has almost tripled in the last 50 years. Richard Fuller: We study migration in fish and butterflies. We choose in some areas to let natural regeneration take place. Companies; Markets; The economy; . We cause habitat change through agricultural, urban and industrial development, and the exploitation of natural resources. The researchers believe that their data can be used to better target conservation efforts. For biodiversity loss, a 2019 report by IPBES identified five primary drivers, ranked in order: land use change, direct exploitation of wild species, climate change, invasive alien species, and pollution. ' He explains that, metaphorically, his family is turning off a light switch on their whole farm, which he hopes will make a big difference and influence others. Valuing certain species over others, valuing certain ecosystem processes over others is fraught with difficulty. The growing demands of an expanding human population (often associated with changes in demography) and growing global markets are placing additional pressures on our natural wealth with long-lasting consequences. It offers the biggest elevation range in Australia from a few hundred metres above sea level to more than 2200 m. It covers an array of environments from slopes and plains to mountain peaks, has some of our richest communities of species and is home to two-thirds of NSWs threatened plants and animals. The loss of biodiversity is in large part irreversible, and each time we lose species we lose something that cannot be got back and we lose part of our fundamental life-support system. And climate change, which hasn't been the biggest driver of biodiversity loss so far, is expected to take that role in the decades . Professor Rod Peakall is a geneticist at Australian National University in Canberra. Others have come up with similar figures. Reduction in biodiversity was calculated by looking at species that had their IUCN red list upgraded during the period, such as from "least concern" to "threatened", or "vulnerable" to "endangered". "Once you actually work out [which country] might have been responsible for the loss of diversity, Australia is standing there at number two," Dr Waldron said. Tom Lovejoy: There's is no question about it, it's very hard for countries with low standards of living to think about anything more than their immediate day-to-day problems, even if in the process of doing that they are undercutting their future, and most of those problems do occur in the developing nations of the planet and it is in the interests of the developed nations to help them solve that problem. Retrieved from Gaia resources: https: //www.gaiaresources.com.au/state-dieback/, Service, D. o around decision! Over others, valuing certain species over others, valuing certain ecosystem processes over others is fraught with difficulty broken! It 's also what 's known as the FirstPeoples and Traditional Custodians of land. As 'lags ' or 'extinction debt ' his current work focuses on conservation, his is... 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