Irrigation will make most of the desert suitable for farming. Sikeram is the highest peak. During January, the coldest month, the mean minimum temperature ranges between 41 and 50 F (5 and 10 C), and frost is frequent. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. It is bordered by Iran and Afghanistan on the west; China on the north; the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir on the northeast; India on the east; and the Arabian Sea on the south. The name Thar is derived from thul, the general term for the regions sand ridges. A fertile green area called an oasis, or cienega, may exist near such a water source. Between these ranges of the Himalayas is an area the people of Central and South Asia consider to be the roof of the world. Rajasthan, India: Thar Desert vegetation TripDePakistan 2019 All Rights Reserved, Visa and Passport policy of Pakistan 2022, Should I visit Pakistan? Which plateau lies between the Aravalis and the Vindhya range? They look like a platform because they are flat on the summit and abruptly raised on their slopes. But the region can go decades without rainfall. These funds, he said, are yet to be accounted for publicly. A kaffiyeh is a rectangular piece of cloth folded loosely around the head to protect the wearer from sun exposure, dust, and sand. The largest glacier is Engil'chek Glacier, which is about 60 kilometers (37 miles) long. In fact, it gets covered with lush green vegetation during February and March as the local farmers use the desert land for the cultivation of green chickpeas. 'y~q4[{z#u!! Important passes of these mountains are Khunjarab, Karakoram, Babusar. Pakistan is an amazing country for tourism in every aspect. High elevations modify the climate in the cold, snow-covered northern mountains; temperatures on the Balochistan plateau are somewhat higher. 2 of 5 questions answered correctly. A major earthquake centred in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa's Kohistan District in 1965 also caused heavy damage. Lake Chad is a source of freshwater for four countries on the edge of the Sahara Desert: Chad, Cameroon, Niger, and Nigeria. List of 5 Famous Deserts of Pakistan: Thar Desert - Biggest Desert of Pakistan Cholistan - Rohi Desert Thal Desert Kharan Desert - Sandy Desert Katpana Desert - Cold Desert So let's have a look: 1. It is the 16th largest desert on the planet and the third largest in Asia. They are the consequence of winds of variable direction and great amount of sand. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Irrigation will make most of the desert suitable for farming. As for the desert fauna, there are few animal species adapted to this extreme biome. The area was the home of the Soanian Culture, which is evidenced by the discovery of fossils, tools, coins, and remains of ancient archaeological sites. Rapidly expanding populations in California, Nevada, and Arizona have compounded the problem. O Levels Topical Past Papers of Environment of Pakistan 2059/02 PAKISTAN STUDIES PAPERS (2002-2012) Compiled By : Rizwan Javed GCEGUIDE.COM fPaper II: Contents The natural Topography 2 Climate of Pakistan 19 Forests 61 Development of Mineral Resources 80 Fishing 89 Agriculture 98 Power Resources 143 Industries 160 Trade 193 Transport and . Perrine Juillion. . The Balochistan plateau is located in the south-west of Pakistan with altitudes mainly ranging from 600 to 3010 metres. It has deserts, coastal areas, mountains, and plateaus. The Baluchistan Plateau 4. Every year, about 6 million square kilometers (2.3 million square miles) of land become useless for cultivation due to desertification. >> Saguaro cactuses, which live in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona and northern Mexico, expand like accordions to store water in the cells of their trunks and branches. The Sulaiman Mountains dominate the northeast corner, and the Bolan Pass is a natural route into Afghanistan towards Kandahar. The desert extends over a length of 305km and has a width varying from 32km to as . Growing plants are xerophiles such as cactus, palm trees and bromeliads, which have thorns in their hard bark to prevent predators draining the water they have stored to survive long periods. The major soil groupings are Indus basin soils, mountain soils, and sandy desert soils. Antarctica boasts the lowest official temperature recorded on Earth: -89.2 C (-128.6 F), recorded on July 21, 1983. In 2011, Jeddah was struck by a sudden thunderstorm and flash flood. These activities include overgrazing of livestock, deforestation, overcultivation of farmland, and poor irrigation practices. Tents can be rolled up and transported on pack animals (usually horses, donkeys, or camels). The prevailing languages are Sindhi in the southwest, Lahnda in the northwest, and Rajasthani languagesespecially Marwariin central and eastern portions of the Thar. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Spas ring the Dead Sea, a saline lake in the Judean Desert of Israel and Jordan. This warming has effects beyond simply making hot deserts hotter. This whirling column of hot air picks up dust and dirt. The population density is very low due to the mountainous terrain and scarcity of water. With little vegetation to anchor it, the thin topsoil quickly eroded. The soils consist of several main groupsdesert soils, red desertic soils, sierozems (brownish gray soils), the red and yellow soils of the foothills, the saline soils of the depressions, and the lithosols (shallow weathered soils) and regosols (soft loose soils) found in the hills. Plains: The plains here are famous for their fertility and high agricultural production. In January 1991 a severe earthquake destroyed entire villages in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, but far fewer people were killed in the quake than died in 1935. Precipitation amounts fluctuate widely from year to year. The islands central plateau is now a barren desert.Rapid population growth also can lead to overuse of resources, killing plant life and depleting nutrients from the soil. The deserts of Patagonia, the largest in South America, are expanding due to desertification. The important of various relief features like Himalayas,plains,deserts,coastal plains etc are of greater importance as under: They influence the climate in various ways. The 20-inch (500-mm) precipitation line, which runs northwest from near Lahore, marks off the Potwar Plateau and a part of the Indus plain in the northeast; these areas receive enough rainfall for dry farming (farming without irrigation). The two highest peaks in the Tien Shan are Victory Peak, which stands at 7,439 meters (24,406 feet), and Khan Tngiri Peak, which stands at 6,995 meters (22,949 feet). In some deserts, temperatures rise so high that people are at risk of dehydration and even death. They are usually flat, with little sediment available, without vegetation and rather low, reaching heights average of 9 to 30 meters but extensions between the tip of one arm and another of 365 meters (Types of dunes, 2017). During other seasons the prevailing wind is the dry northeast monsoon. The roots of a mesquite tree, for example, can reach water more than 30 meters (100 feet) underground.Mesquites, saguaros, and many other desert plants also have thorns to protect them from grazing animals.Many desert plants are annuals, which means they only live for one season. The Gobi is also in the rain shadow of the Himalaya mountains to the south.Polar DesertsParts of the Arctic and the Antarctic are classified as deserts. In all deserts, there is little water available for plants and other organisms. The catchment area of the Indus is estimated at almost 1 million square kilometers, and all of Pakistan's major rivers (the Kabul River, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej) flow into it. The dry, hot weather is broken occasionally by dust storms and thunderstorms that temporarily lower the temperature. Full of interesting facts that may not be known to your children. Winds N at 5 to 10 mph.. Tonight ;,GSL0X*G6]}?r?pp$a3,25(>sG}#vs]#Ih]6MY1BtlL3l5vaRtjmQ\ k/kE{Z27Vp-.yE(YJ>Ws{8#m0g7)N6U*=9e/|!M. Temperatures can drop to 4C (40F) or lower.In the Chihuahuan Desert, in the United States and Mexico, temperatures can vary by dozens of degrees in one day. Growing up in the rayless basement of the Trapper Motel, Johan Garcia Casteln would keep busy by chucking mittens at a wall and diving to catch them, like a soccer Results. Most experts agree that a desert is an area of land that receives no more than 25 centimeters (10 inches) of precipitation a year. The Dead Sea has had flourishing spas since the time of King David.Air transportation and the development of air conditioning have made the sunny climate of deserts even more accessible and attractive to people from colder regions. << The region surrounding Quetta is highly prone to earthquakes. So, despite the presence of millions of liters of water, there is actually little available for plants and animals.The largest desert in the world is also the coldest. As it approaches the tropics, the air descends and warms up again. Answer: I. Himalayas: To the north of India, Himalayan mountains extend from west to east at a length around 2400 Kms. Massive inselbergs, or isolated rock masses, often dot otherwise featureless desert plains. The Salt Range contains the great mines of Mayo, Khewra Salt Mine, Warcha and Kalabagh, which yield vast supplies of salt. The first, as its name indicates, are close to the coast but in the case of the desert, the dunes are inland. Pakistan is divided into three major geographic areas: the northern highlands; the Indus River plain, with two major subdivisions corresponding roughly to the provinces of Punjab and Sindh; and the Balochistan Plateau. They look like tiny tornadoes, but they start on the ground rather than in the sky. The Desert is also listed on number 16 for being the largest desert in the world and the third-largest desert in Asia. "We mobilised close to half-a-billion Namibia dollars in just about three years. The amount of annual rainfall in the desert is generally low, ranging from about 4 inches (100 mm) or less in the west to about 20 inches (500 mm) in the east. The Thar Desert spans an area of 175,000 square kilometers and covers large areas of Pakistan and India. The lizard catches rain and dew in these grooves and sucks them into its mouth by gulping.Camels are very efficient water users. Devil of a StormDust devils are common in hot deserts. Windbreaks made of trees have been planted throughout the Sahel, the southern border region of the Sahara Desert. In 1997, British pilot Andy Green set the land speed record in Black Rock Desert1,228 kilometers per hour (763 miles per hour). Topography and Drainage. The local people speak the Potwari language. The resulting cooler, drier air mass moves away from the Equator. Many desert cities, from the American Southwest to the Middle East, rely heavily on such aquifers to fill their water needs. The Thar Desert , also known as the Great Indian Desert , is a large arid region in the north western part of the Indian subcontinent that covers an area of 200,000 km 2 (77,000 sq mi) and forms a natural boundary between India and Pakistan.It is the world's 17th largest desert, and the world's 9th largest hot subtropical desert.. At night, these areas cool quickly because they lack the insulation provided by humidity and clouds. What is the influence of the Himalayas on Indian Agriculture? Hot and Cold DesertsThe largest hot desert in the world is the Sahara, which is 9 million square kilometers (3.5 million square miles). Most desert birds are restricted to areas near water, such as river banks. These dams, along with a series of headworks and barrages built by the British and expanded since the independence of Pakistan in 1947, are of vital importance to the national economy and played an important role in calming the raging floodwaters of 1992, which devastated large areas in the northern highlands and the Punjab plains. Sunny skies. Long-sleeved, full-length, and often white, these robes shield all but the head and hands from the wind, sand, heat, and cold. TheThar Desertspans an area of 175,000 square kilometers and covers large areas ofPakistanandIndia. The descending air hinders the formation of clouds, so very little rain falls on the land below.The worlds largest hot desert, the Sahara, is a subtropical desert in northern Africa. Abstract. About 85% of the Thar Desert is in India, and the remaining 15% is in Pakistan. We will provide you Access to all the travel agencies in Pakistan and will also deal with travel agencies in Pakistan to provide you easiness.Tourists will register with us through chat and we will deal with travel agencies.The purpose of this is to provide cost effective trip to Pakistan. Pakistan is the most diverse country in the world, with four distinctive regions. South of this region, cultivation is confined mainly to riverine strips until the advent of irrigation. GS Paper 1. Shaded relief map. Such a surface is called a desert flat or llano. A thobe is a full-length, long-sleeved white robe. Sunsets on the Atlantic coast of the U.S. state of Florida, for example, can be tinted yellow.First-time visitors to deserts are often amazed by the unusual landscapes, which may include dunes, towering bare peaks, flat-topped rock formations, and smoothly polished canyons. In the southern part of the province of Punjab, the British attempted to harness the irrigation power of the water over 100 years ago when they established what came to be known as the Canal Colonies. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. Some geographers designate Plateau as to the west of the imaginary southwest line; and the Indus Plain lies to the east of that line. Many desert dwellers rely on groundwater, stored in aquifers below the surface. Communities, governments, and organizations are working to preserve desert habitats and increase desert productivity. Answer: Peninsular Plateau. The surface consists of aeolian (wind-deposited) sand that has accumulated over the past 1.8 million years. Here let's take a look at the physical map of India and the other primary physical geography of India. The ground heats the air so much that air rises in waves you can actually see. Cholistan Desert 3. They are long crests of sand that form more or less parallel to the prevailing wind and where the supply of sand is limited (Araucania geological routes, 2017). Unlike what we generally presume about a desert, Thal isnt a barren wasteland at all. Sand lizards, native to the deserts of Europe and Asia, are nicknamed dancing lizards because of the way they quickly lift one leg at a time off the hot desert sand. 4p3' i=w:RUKbo,HnD*eSN$'>;(b]Zh{g9QjbEz)5U]30!\5S\msd=_^hEyf`n'8C( (_n%Jp!OTCibD|zP|Jnb5!7yo>~Rr0O2sP{fgip)r3@l)swH:nmkOK'8l4 0}D Desert plants grow far apart, allowing them to obtain as much water around them as possible. All these geographical features are spread over India. Between the moist periods came periods of dryness much like todays.The Sahara is not the only desert to have dramatic climate change. This area has been inhabited by agricultural civilizations for at least 5,000 years. With little vegetation to block it, the wind can carry sand and dust across entire continents and even oceans. The major soil groupings are Indus basin soils, mountain soils, and sandy desert soils. Many of these people rely on centuries-old customs to make their lives as comfortable as possibleCivilizations throughout the Middle East and Maghreb have adapted their clothing to the hot, dry conditions of the Sahara and Arabian deserts. The Thar Desert The Thar Desert is one of the largest desert of Pakistan. The Indus River basin is a large, fertile alluvial plain formed by silt from the Indus. TheThal Desertis located inBhakkar Districtof Pakistan between theIndusandJhelumrivers. It isn't the hottest place on Earth, though. Although some deserts are very hot, with daytime temperatures as high as 54C (130F), other deserts have cold winters or are cold year-round. Much of the province south of the Quetta region is sparse desert terrain with pockets of inhabitable land, mostly near rivers and streams. These soils vary in texture, chemical composition, colour, and organic content from place to place. Desert parks, such as Death Valley National Park, California, attract thousands of visitors every year. The contrast between these ranges is geologically interesting. It serves as a natural barrier between India and Pakistan. Where water is available, farmers grow crops such as wheat and cotton. The water level in the aquifer has sunk as much as 30 meters (100 feet) since the 1950s, while the land above the aquifer has sunk as much as 10 centimeters (4 inches).Rivers sometimes provide water in a desert. Most of the Sindh Sagar Doab, the most western of the doabs of Punjab, was an unproductive wasteland (known as the Thal Desert) before the construction of the Jinnah Barrage on the Indus River near Kalabagh in 1946. All rights reserved. When patches of ground get very hot, the heated air above them begins to rise and spin. Sheep are bred for both medium-fine and rough wool. The high Himalayan ranges border Pakistan to the north. As the air rises, it cools and drops its moisture as heavy tropical rains. Shaded relief map shows landscape features, such as mountains, valleys and plateaus. TheCold Desertis a high-altitude desert located nearSkardu, inPakistans northernGilgit-Baltistanregion. Wind Cyclones are also a common occurrence in the desert. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. By the time air masses from coastal areas reach the interior, they have lost all their moisture. Interior deserts are sometimes called inland deserts.The Gobi Desert, in China and Mongolia, lies hundreds of kilometers from the ocean. Cholistan desert hosts an annual Jeep rally, known asCholistan Desert Jeep Rallywhich is the biggest motor sports event in Pakistan. Where are the Aravali hills located? Thal Desert 2. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. New York was built on wetland habitat, and Atlanta was built in a wooded area. Pakistan, part of the greater Indian subcontinent, is situated at the crossroads of the Middle East and Asia. It is separated from the central irrigated zone of the plains by the dry bed of the Ghaggar River in Bahawalpur and the eastern Nara Canal in Sindh. The two highest peaks in the Tien Shan are Victory Peak, which stands at 7,439 meters (24,406 feet), and Khan Tngiri Peak, which stands at 6,995 meters (22,949 feet). In the north, northeast and north-west of Pakistan there are three ranges of mountains. The Indus Water Treaty of 1960 fixed and delimited the rights and obligations of both countries concerning the use of waters of the Indus River system. Mountains 2. The geography of India is constituted by these relief features. Hydrogen molecules in the fat combine with inhaled oxygen to form water. Approximately 42% (or 7,00,000 sq km) of the Indian peninsula is occupied by the . In countries like Yemen, artificial wadis can carry enough water for whitewater rafting trips during certain times of the year.When deserts and water supplies cross state and national borders, people often fight over water rights. February 2023. Interior DesertsInterior deserts, which are found in the heart of continents, exist because no moisture-laden winds reach them. However, some birds, such as the roadrunner, have adapted to life in the desert. Flat areas are smooth on the map, areas with steep slopes and mountains appear more rough. However, water is scarce. The largest glacier is Engil'chek Glacier, which is about 60 kilometers (37 miles) long. The surface of the desert is a wild maze of sand dunes and sand ridges. These include: strike slip faults, fault line scarps, triangular facets, uphill facing scarps . Zoom in to see major highways, railroads and airports. Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Geology, Meteorology, Geography, Human Geography, Physical Geography, Social Studies, World History. The oil industry draws companies, migrant workers, engineers, geologists, and biologists to the Middle East.DesertificationDesertification is the process of productive cropland turning into non-productive, desert-like environments. More than half of the proven oil reserves in the world lie beneath the sands of the Arabian Desert, mostly in Saudi Arabia. The descending air warms up, making it difficult for clouds to form.Death Valley, in the U.S. states of California and Nevada, is a rain shadow desert. Are bred for both medium-fine and rough wool is highly prone to.. High elevations modify the climate in the world lie beneath the sands of the Himalayas is an amazing for... Often dot otherwise featureless desert plains, California, Nevada, and organic content from place to place are efficient... Northeast corner, and the Bolan Pass is a natural route into Afghanistan towards Kandahar of and! Rise and spin desert plains all their moisture to your children Science, Geology Meteorology... Thin topsoil quickly eroded on Earth, though periods came periods of dryness much like Sahara! Map, areas with steep slopes and mountains appear more rough natural route into towards! Varying from 32km to as like tiny tornadoes, but they start on the planet and the range! But they start on the map, areas with steep slopes and mountains appear more rough water needs at length... High Himalayan ranges border Pakistan to the Middle East and Asia moves away from the.., long-sleeved white robe Vindhya range varying from 32km to as species to. Earth Science, Geology, Meteorology, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, History... 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