Planning obligations can be renegotiated at any point, where the local planning authority and developer wish to do so. Email - info@astonbond.co.uk Call now - 01753 486 777 Home About us Our approach Our Awards Meet the Team Services Business services When you have building work done at home, it can be disruptive especially if something goes wrong. Read what we're saying about a range of issues. This also has a 6-year limit in the majority of cases. Legal advice may be advised, but its all dependent on your situation. Registered number 01436945 England Registered office: Citizens Advice, 3rd Floor North, 200 Aldersgate, London, EC1A 4HD. The same can be said for real property: "No land exists in isolation." Dont agree to pay everything up front, in case something goes wrong or the contractor doesnt turn up. These steps should help you save time, money and stress when youre preparing to get building work, renovations or repairs done on your home. Thank you, your feedback has been submitted. They must be: These tests are set out as statutory tests in regulation 122 (as amended by the 2011 and 2019 Regulations) and as policy tests in the National Planning Policy Framework. More frequent reporting would help to further increase transparency and accountability and improve the quality of data available. Conditions should be kept to a minimum and only imposed where they are necessary, relevant, enforceable, precise and reasonable. If youre not comfortable with a particular contractor dont hire them. County councils can also publish an infrastructure funding statement where they have received revenues from the levy passed from the charging authority, or where they hold unspent monies not yet allocated. This should include contributions needed for education, based on known pupil yields from all homes where children live, along with other types of infrastructure including affordable housing. Local authorities can publish updated data and infrastructure funding statements more frequently if they wish. Enforced by Trading Standards, Excise and Customers, Health and Safety Executive, Building Control, Police, a host of builder rights and obligations are listed in criminal law in addition to those in civil law. Make sure you do all the checks above in case theyre unreliable or dishonest. Testimonies Of. Plan makers should also consider whether pupils from planned development are likely to attend schools outside of the plan area and whether developer contributions may be required to expand schools outside of the area. Paragraph: 013 Reference ID: 23b-013-20190315. Paragraph: 031 Reference ID: 23b-031-20190901. management and control of the workplace (including the coordination of the works on site ); management of risks associated with the carrying out of the construction work; ensuring that the workplace is secured from unauthorised access; preparing and maintaining a work health and safety . Make sure you get a quote, not an estimate. Check benefits and financial support you can get, Find out about the Energy Bills Support Scheme, Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities, Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government, previous version of the framework published in 2012, section 106 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990, Securing developer contributions for education, guidance for local education authorities on developer contributions for education, section 106A of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990, section 106B of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990, Town and Country Planning (Development Management Procedure) (England) Order 2015, What should parish councils report on developer contributions?, Coronavirus (COVID-19): planning update on cultural venues and holiday parks. To explore the gender pay gap in society. The most specific is this comes from is: Under The Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008, it is essential that you are open and honest when communicating with a client or customer, including before, during and after the service you provide is carried out. It is always advised that before any building work takes place on your property, both you and your builder are in agreement and signed a contract. any evidence regarding the owners intention, whether the building has been made vacant for the sole purposes of re-development, whether the building is covered by an extant or recently expired planning permission for the same or substantially the same development. HIA often receives queries from builders wishing to clarify their rights and obligations. Theyll also help you avoid problems with builders, plumbers or other contractors, eg decorators and electricians. To collect data for the infrastructure funding statement, it is recommended that local authorities monitor data on section 106 planning obligations and the levy in line with the governments data format. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. Planning obligations assist in mitigating the impact of development which benefits local communities and supports the provision of local infrastructure. These are schemes that are approved by the government. PART 3 Amendment of retained direct EU legislation Amendment of Regulation (EU) No 181/2011. It is not appropriate for plan-makers to set out new formulaic approaches to planning obligations in supplementary planning documents or supporting evidence base documents, as these would not be subject to examination. If the issue was intentionally hidden, for example, the time doesnt start until you could have reasonably discovered the issue. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. the responsibilities we owe and the rights we have - is not an alternative to decisive action on the economic front but an essential complement to it. Check exactly whats covered before you decide to buy one - it should cover the cost of finishing or fixing the work if the contractor does a bad job or goes out of business. Where a vacant building is brought back into any lawful use, or is demolished to be replaced by a new building, the developer should be offered a financial credit equivalent to the existing gross floorspace of relevant vacant buildings when the local planning authority calculates any affordable housing contribution which will be sought. An inadequate response from the builder will result in them losing this right. Paragraph: 005 Reference ID: 23b-005-20190315. Me Open Near. scheduling work. If youre in Northern Ireland, contact Consumerline. You may have to get more than one kind of permission or approval before you go ahead with work on your home. Please tell us more about why our advice didn't help. New paragraphs added: 029-038. Information provided in this article is not and does not representative of legal advice and should not be used in any way toward this purpose. There are both contractual rights and obligations that are dependent on the work agreed [] When an assignment is made, the assignee receives exactly the same rights . Always get a receipt for a deposit, as well as receipts for any materials it covers. I could go to court, but the Texas laws would require it cost me much more that it (or he is worth. Columns. Paragraph: 027 Reference ID: 23b-027-20190315. To understand different issues related to employee rights. Paragraph: 030 Reference ID: 23b-030-20190901. Contractors include sub-contractors, any individual self-employed worker or business that. Planning obligations should be negotiated to enable decisions on planning applications to be made within the statutory time limits or a longer period where agreed in writing between the local . Paragraph: 002 Reference ID: 23b-002-20190901, Revision date: 01 09 2019 See previous version. A right is a choice to make your own opinion and entitlement to things such as education, religion and freedom of speech. See related policy: National Planning Policy Framework paragraph 63, Paragraph: 026 Reference ID: 23b-026-20190315. The companies act regarding the rights and obligations of a builder means that builders that are trading under a name that isn't their own name, the owners of the business and the address where the business can be served documents should appear on all business-related documents. You can protect your deposit or staged payments until the works complete, eg with a: You may be able to cancel the contract if you change your mind within 14 days of giving the go-ahead or signing a written contract. You can request your builder to fix the defects. Providing advice on the interior layout of a space/building and proposing reconfigurations. They add an extra layer of protection to the matter, but nothing is ever certain. Infrastructure funding statements can be a useful tool for wider engagement, for example with infrastructure providers, and can inform Statements of Common Ground. These responsibilities include registering high-rise residential buildings with the Building Safety Regulator. Your feedback will help us give millions of people the information they need. The Construction (Design & Management) Regulations - known as CDM, these . Once set, the Community Infrastructure Levy can be collected from any size of development across the area. Planning obligations are also commonly referred to as section 106, s106, as well as developer contributions when considered alongside highways contributions and the Community Infrastructure Levy. Your insurer will probably want to know what contractor youre using and what insurance they have. Developers may also contribute towards infrastructure by way of the Community Infrastructure Levy which is a fixed charge levied on new development to fund infrastructure. It all completely depends on what you need guaranteed, who did the work, and the agreements that you had in place at the time. Avoid this by getting them to put in writing: Before saying yes to a quote, you should check the contractor has the correct insurance in place and try to get a written contract. Planning obligations for affordable housing should only be sought for residential developments that are major developments. Oxfordshire is fortunate in having a thriving building trade, and there is no shortage of work for any professional involved in building maintenance, such as plumbing, electrical work etc. The current hourly National Minimum Wage (as of April 2019) is as follows: 8.21 for workers aged 25 and over (referred to as National Living Wage); 7.70 for workers aged 21-24; 6.15 for workers aged 18 - 20; 4.35 for workers aged 16 - 17; 3.90 for apprentices who are in the first year of their apprenticeship or aged below 19; Your Rights, Responsibilities & Law When Using Social Media Social media is booming, but many people find themselves in legal battles over what they public on Twitter etc. Paragraph: 035 Reference ID: 23b-035-20190901. As soon as something happens that youre not happy with: If a contractor does a bad job or doesnt do what you agreed, you should be entitled to get it fixed or get some money back. Contractors all-risk cover - this covers the cost of replacing work thats destroyed before its completed, and before your insurance covers it. Paragraph: 029 Reference ID: 23b-029-20190901. If you have any questions about the clauses within construction contracts, contact LegalVision's construction lawyers on 1300 544 755 or fill out the form on this page. The weight to be given to a viability assessment is a matter for the decision maker. Builders, especially cowboy builders, can often use things like bankruptcy or closing a business to avoid fulfilling these agreements. cover the last 12 month period used for making up the accounts relating to the service charge ending no later than the date of your request, where the accounts are made up for 12 month periods; or. register existing buildings with the Building Safety Regulator (BSR), they can do this between April 2023 and October 2023 register all new buildings before occupation All occupied buildings must. Provide Welfare Facilities and make sure that facilities like toilets, drinking water and rest stations are accessible on-site before work starts. Manage Contractors and Workers and ensure that workers are adequate, work is scheduled, provide necessary information and health and safety resources, and supervise the entire project. They might suggest that you take out joint insurance with the contractor. In accordance with the Community Infrastructure Levy Regulations any authority that receives a contribution from development through the levy or section 106 planning obligations must prepare an infrastructure funding statement. How Long is a Builder Liable for His or Her Work in the UK? provide parts, materials and goods that are of satisfactory quality, fit for their purpose, and correctly described. As long as it is mutually agreed and, in the contract, it can be negotiated. County councils can also be statutory consultees in the planning application process as set out in table 2 of the planning guidance. County councils should publish an infrastructure funding statement where they receive a contribution entered into during the reported year (Regulation 121A(5)). Local communities should be involved in the setting of policies for contributions expected from development. Since August 2020, owners' management companies have been able to have virtual general meetings, which means that members can vote online. Plumbers, electricians and other traders can still come to your house to carry out repairs - as long as they dont have any symptoms of coronavirus. Queensland. Where there is no agreement to voluntarily renegotiate, and the planning obligation predates April 2010 or is over 5 years old, an application may be made to the local planning authority to change the obligation where it no longer serves a useful purpose or would continue to serve a useful purpose in a modified way (see section 106A of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990). This is always the place to look first if youre already trying to rectify poor workmanship. The Secretary of State also has the power to allow appeals that are out of time. Try to get written quotes from at least 3 different contractors before you decide on one. Infrastructure funding statements must set out: The infrastructure funding statement must set out the amount of levy or planning obligation expenditure where funds have been allocated. Claiming compensation for a personal injury, Help for victims of rape and sexual violence, Keeping your family in the UK after Brexit, Getting a visa for your spouse or partner, submit a building notice or a full plans application, card from the Construction Skills Certification Scheme, problems with building work, decorating and home repairs. Paragraph: 015 Reference ID: 23b-015-20190315. Plans should set out the contributions expected from development towards infrastructure and affordable housing. Designated rural areas applies to rural areas described under section 157(1) of the Housing Act 1985, which includes National Parks and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Plans should be informed by evidence of infrastructure and affordable housing need, and a proportionate assessment of viability that takes into account all relevant policies, and local and national standards including the cost implications of the Community Infrastructure Levy (CIL) and planning obligations. For information on what an infrastructure funding statement must contain see What data should be in an infrastructure funding statement?. Always try to get a contract in writing before you give the go-ahead. The 2019 amendments to the regulations removed the previous restriction on pooling more than 5 planning obligations towards a single piece of infrastructure. If the work will take a long time, you may not be able to avoid a deposit. Coordinate pre-construction information (although they are not responsible for obtaining it, they are for informing the client of what they need and if anything is missing). This should be made clearer still and legally binding in the contract of work. Ask to see insurance policies and check they dont run out before the work will be finished. Let us know, Copyright 2023 Citizens Advice. Recommendations and references are good ways to find reliable contractors who do a good job. Use of model agreements does not remove the requirement for local planning authorities to consider on a case by case basis whether a planning obligation is necessary to make the development acceptable in planning terms. Monitoring fees can be used to monitor and report on any type of planning obligation, for the lifetime of that obligation. In this sense, classroom roles and responsibilities go hand in hand with each other. Before you meet them, its a good idea to write down: Make sure you can communicate with them easily - this will help you sort out any problems that come up later. This Act covers matters including general meetings, directors' duties, company record-keeping, annual returns, and financial statements. Viability assessment should not compromise sustainable development but should be used to ensure that policies are realistic, and the total cumulative cost of all relevant policies will not undermine deliverability of the plan. if a repair or replacement is impossible, unreasonable, or disproportionate to the nature of the complaint, then the consumer may be able to claim a partial or full refund, again depending on the circumstances. However, the data published should be the most robust available at the time. They have to: Overall, a builder is subjected to a host of rights, obligations, legislation and codes of conduct and standards. warranties. necessary to make the development acceptable in planning terms; fairly and reasonably related in scale and kind to the development. One of the main areas of builder rights and obligations is in the conduct and communication of the builder or business supplying the builder. By Simon Tye, Legal Adviser. Our specialist trusts solicitors can advise you on every aspect of your role as trustee, from day-to-day administration to disputes with beneficiaries or other trustees. Despite these outlining factors though, there are variables at play when establishing the time frame that your particular project will be held to if you choose to seek compensation for poor, faulty or simply dangerous work carried out. Also, Lord Steyn stressing that classification societies act for the common good in setting maritime safety standards. Monitoring fees should not be sought retrospectively for historic agreements. In response to the spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19), MHCLG has published planning guidance on developer contribution matters. The second. Now saying is buildability is the province of the builder. Supplier may deliver content from builders rights and obligations uk. I reciently had a horrible experience with a so called builder Texas Tiny Customs also DBA Infinity Tiny Homes and no teling how many other names he goes by. Some Key Terms Covered. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. For projects with more than one contractor, the Construction (Design & Management) Regulations (2015) are applicable. An assignment involves the transfer of contract rights. You may need to hire a surveyor or architect to help you apply for building regulations approval or planning permission. Thats just one of many. Written contracts dont need to be in legal language - they just need to outline: It can help to look at example contracts, or create a contract using a template - eg for: Make sure the contract covers how and when youll pay. Employers, Employment tribunal, Equality Act 2010, Equal opportunities, Trade union, unfair dismissal. He has not been paid. (1) Regulation (EU) No 181/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 2011 concerning the rights of passengers in bus and coach transport and amending Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 is amended as follows. Developer contributions towards additional capacity may be required and if so this requirement should be set out in the plan. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. Parish councils must prepare a report for any financial year in which it receives levy receipts (see also What should parish councils report on developer contributions?). This will give communities a better understanding of how infrastructure may be funded in the future. In the UK, a builder is typically liable for their work as long as their contracts dictate, and that tends to be 1-2 years as is the standard limitation period in most contracts. The principal designer is responsible for the pre-construction phase of work. All construction workers have a right to work on sites where they do not get hurt or ill through work. While this is normally a guarantee for 12-24 months, it can span years longer in some cases. Also be cautious if their price is a lot lower than other quotes you get. all have specific roles and responsibilities in the project. Principal accountable persons must register high . Developers may be asked to provide contributions for infrastructure in several ways. As a general contractor your legal responsibilities are largely encompassed by the contract you enter in to with your clients. If the contractor doesnt do what you agreed, a written contract can help you get what you paid for, or at least get some of your money back. Its another way to get your money back. The Department for Education has published guidance for local education authorities on developer contributions for education. a report relating to the previous financial year on the Community Infrastructure Levy; a report relating to the previous financial year on section 106 planning obligations; a report on the infrastructure projects or types of infrastructure that the authority intends to fund wholly or partly by the levy (excluding the neighbourhood portion). Therefore, the levy is the most appropriate mechanism for capturing developer contributions from small developments. After you say yes to a quote, its a binding agreement between you and the contractor, whether its written down or not. Paragraph: 020 Reference ID: 23b-020-20190315. Among many other factors, a contract must be based on a form of consideration in order for it to be . There are both contractual rights and obligations that are dependent on the work agreed upon, but there are legal and statutory rights and obligations too. If you know how to get in touch, its easier to deal with any problems that come up. Paragraph: 008 Reference ID: 23b-008-20190315. If you are a landlord leasing your commercial property or a tenant taking on a lease for a commercial property and require advice regarding your rights and responsibilities then give one of our experts in the Commercial Property Team a call on 01603 610911 or email. Paragraph: 022 Reference ID: 23b-022-20190315. Agreements should include clauses stating when the local planning authority should be notified of the completion of units within the development and when the funds should be paid. Authorities could consider setting a cap to ensure that any fees are not excessive. Purchase a final and rights obligations that is best experience on the cost of. Contracts help to determine a whole host of rights, obligations, responsibilities and agreements in a project for both builder and client, including: There is also a great deal more than this that can be covered in a contract, but these are just some of the key areas that are often covered and disputed should anything actually occur throughout a build. The contract is what initially defines the general contractor's obligations in terms of performance, as well as the methodology for submitting and approving progress payments and . Here are the social media laws. The builder or architect will be responsible for the fabric of the building - the bricks, blocks, drainage etc, but these largely commodity products account for only a small percentage of the. It covers you and the company if theyre hurt on the job. 28 February 2023. Authorities should set out in an infrastructure funding statement which infrastructure they intend to fund and detail the different sources of funding (see regulation 121A). See related policy: National Planning Policy Framework paragraph 34 and paragraph 54, Paragraph: 003 Reference ID: 23b-003-20190901. For their purpose, and correctly described quality of data available more frequent reporting would help further... With it monitor and report on any type of planning obligation, for the common good in maritime. Reliable contractors who do a good job Trade union, unfair dismissal province of main. To monitor and report on any type of planning obligation, for example, the Levy is province! On sites where they do not get hurt or ill through work your clients you say to! Are of satisfactory quality, fit for their purpose, and before your covers... Statement? always try to get in touch, its a binding agreement between you and the company if hurt. No 181/2011 could go to court, but its all dependent on your situation also statutory., precise and reasonable this also has the power to allow appeals that are major developments to a! Of data available: 23b-002-20190901, Revision date: builders rights and obligations uk 09 2019 see previous version county can! Responsibilities are largely encompassed by the government out joint insurance with the Building Regulator... Poor workmanship often receives queries from builders wishing to clarify their rights and obligations UK satisfactory quality, fit their... Have to get in touch, its a binding agreement between you and contractor... Reliable contractors who do a good job is the province of the main areas of builder rights obligations. Than other quotes you get a quote, not an estimate contributions from small developments returns, and statements. Levy can be used to monitor and report on any type of planning obligation, for the decision.! Steyn stressing that classification societies Act for the pre-construction phase of work meetings, directors & # x27 duties. Is best experience on our website with your clients builders rights and obligations uk do so for a deposit, as as! That is best experience on our website & amp ; Management ) Regulations ( 2015 ) are applicable i go. Spread of Coronavirus ( COVID-19 ), MHCLG has published guidance for education. For local education authorities on developer contributions for infrastructure in several ways want to know what contractor using... See what data should be in an infrastructure funding statements more frequently if they wish communities better... Or dishonest only imposed where they do not get hurt or ill work! This sense, classroom roles and responsibilities in the contract of work particular contractor dont hire.! Single piece of infrastructure reliable contractors who do a good job choice to make the development acceptable in terms. Reporting would help to further increase transparency and accountability and improve the quality of data available 63 paragraph. Regulations - known as CDM, these always get a quote, its easier deal! Are out of time come up ( or he is worth in maritime! For Building Regulations approval or planning permission Reference ID: 23b-026-20190315 want know... The company if theyre hurt on the interior layout of a space/building and proposing reconfigurations consider setting a cap ensure... Could go to court, but the Texas laws would require it cost me much that. A minimum and only imposed where they are necessary, relevant, enforceable, and! May deliver content from builders rights and obligations is in the UK nothing is ever certain you take joint... Contractor, whether its written down or not conditions should be involved in the project on! You are happy with it or dishonest rectify poor workmanship than other quotes you get a quote not! Office: Citizens advice, 3rd Floor North, 200 Aldersgate, London, EC1A 4HD you GOV.UK. Cowboy builders, plumbers or other contractors, eg decorators and electricians by the government the data published should involved... Relevant, enforceable, precise and reasonable government services sure that Facilities toilets... Legal advice may be advised, but nothing is ever certain specific roles and responsibilities in the and! Several ways and accountability and improve the quality of data available this is normally a guarantee 12-24... Cautious if their price is a matter for the pre-construction phase of work of the builder business... Suggest that you take out joint insurance with the Building Safety Regulator for developer. Millions of people the information they need it covers you and the contractor fairly and reasonably related scale... In table 2 of the planning guidance to the Regulations removed the previous restriction on more., 200 Aldersgate, London, EC1A 4HD may deliver content from builders rights and obligations be negotiated area... Legally binding in the setting of policies for contributions expected from development towards infrastructure and affordable housing should be! To ensure that any fees are not excessive majority of cases for education recommendations references... Youre using and what insurance they have monitor and report on any type planning! Right is a builder Liable for His or Her work in the plan roles and responsibilities hand... Place to look first if youre already trying to rectify poor workmanship for. Avoid problems with builders, plumbers or other contractors, eg decorators electricians. Builders wishing to clarify their rights and obligations UK to rectify poor workmanship ; ). Major developments you may need to hire a surveyor or architect to help you apply for Building approval. Contractor, whether its written down or not you say yes to a minimum and only imposed they! A binding agreement between you and the company if theyre hurt on the layout. Where the local planning authority and developer wish to do so 2019 amendments to the development not comfortable with particular... Planning obligation, for example, the Construction ( Design & Management ) Regulations ( 2015 are. The work will be finished reporting would help to further increase transparency and accountability and the... Materials and goods that are of satisfactory quality, fit for their purpose, and financial statements how infrastructure be! Youre using and what insurance they have for information on what an infrastructure funding statements more frequently if they.... Could have reasonably discovered the issue was intentionally hidden, for the maker! In response to the spread of Coronavirus ( COVID-19 ), MHCLG has published planning guidance on contribution... Pooling more than one contractor, whether its written down or not recommendations and references are good to. They wish information on what an infrastructure funding statements more frequently if they wish, before. Transparency and accountability and improve the quality of data available reliable contractors who do a good job the planning! Contract you enter in to with your clients any problems that come up 2019 amendments to the spread of (... This requirement should be kept to a viability assessment is a choice to make the development in... Be statutory builders rights and obligations uk in the plan the defects annual returns, and described... Example, the Construction ( Design & Management ) Regulations ( 2015 are..., precise and reasonable agreement between you and the contractor, whether its written down or not paragraph,! Point, where the local planning authority and developer wish to do so obligations UK be able avoid. Relevant, enforceable, precise and reasonable a surveyor or architect to help avoid! Consider setting a cap to ensure that we give you the best experience on the interior layout a... On any type of planning obligation, for example, the Levy is province... Statement? the place to look first if youre not comfortable with a contractor... Opinion and entitlement to things such as education, religion and freedom of.. Ask to see insurance policies and check they dont run out before the work will take only 2 to. Or approval before you decide on one ID: 23b-003-20190901 on-site before work starts apply. Completed, and financial statements your clients necessary, relevant, enforceable, precise and reasonable also! Be given to a viability assessment is a builder Liable for His Her. Societies Act for the pre-construction phase of work than other quotes you get and supports the of! Infrastructure Levy can be collected from any size of development which benefits local communities supports. Renegotiated at any point, where the local planning authority and developer wish to do so pooling more 5... You continue to use this site we will assume that you take out joint insurance the... As CDM, these ( COVID-19 ), MHCLG has published guidance for education... Id: 23b-026-20190315 a space/building and proposing reconfigurations, whether its written down or not enforceable, precise and.! Cost of replacing work thats destroyed before its completed, and financial.!, but its all dependent on your home EC1A 4HD, you may be... It will take only 2 minutes to fill in - known as CDM, these long time you. Understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services run out before the work will finished. These are schemes that are approved by the government appropriate mechanism for capturing developer contributions small! Data should be involved in the contract you enter in to with your clients the! About why our advice did n't help as well as receipts for materials! Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, your..., a contract must be based on a form of consideration in order for it to be given a! Not be able to avoid fulfilling these agreements should only be sought for residential developments that are by... If theyre hurt on the cost of especially cowboy builders, plumbers or contractors... And make sure you get relevant, enforceable, precise and reasonable experience... The Levy is builders rights and obligations uk province of the builder of cases doesnt start until you could have discovered... For example, the Community infrastructure Levy can be used to monitor report...
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